{"id":4434,"date":"2026-09-26T12:02:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T10:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pianobar.bg\/pianobar\/?page_id=4434"},"modified":"2026-09-29T19:16:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T17:16:42","slug":"brief-history-of-piano-bar-culture-in-bulgaria","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pianobar.bg\/pianobar\/brief-history-of-piano-bar-culture-in-bulgaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Brief history of piano bar culture in Bulgaria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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BRIEF HISTORY OF PIANO BAR CULTURE IN BULGARIA<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h2>
Piano bars<\/span> in Bulgaria <\/span>– 1990s till now<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>

Bars<\/span> with <\/span>live music<\/span> existed in our country as early as 19<\/span>20<\/span>s<\/span>.<\/span> People<\/span> called <\/span>them <\/span>cabarets<\/span> (<\/span>in the<\/span>French<\/span> manner<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>and organized social evenings there<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

In the beginning, o<\/span>f course<\/span>,<\/span> they were quite unlike the <\/span>Parisian<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Moulin Rouge<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Lido<\/span>\u201d<\/span>, <\/span>but they offered <\/span>artistic<\/span> performances<\/span>, <\/span>dancers<\/span> and <\/span>first-class <\/span>musicians<\/span> would play there<\/span>. <\/span>Over<\/span> the years<\/span> their <\/span>popularity kept increasing<\/span>, <\/span>and these <\/span>cabarets<\/span> became more and more luxurious <\/span>and <\/span>sophisticated<\/span>. <\/span>Among the most popular in Sofia were<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Imperial<\/span>\u201c, \u201e<\/span>Femina<\/span>\u201c,<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Nova<\/span>America<\/span>\u201c<\/span> (<\/span>with the<\/span> \u201c<\/span>Novi <\/span>Amazonki<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (New Amazonians) that the audience was cr<\/span>azy about<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Ga<\/span>mbrinus<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Parisiana<\/span>\u201d,<\/span> bar <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Maxim<\/span>\u201c<\/span> (<\/span>which was housed underneath the present-day<\/span> theatre<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Bulgarian Army<\/span>\u201d<\/span>)<\/span>,<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Etoile<\/span>\u201c, \u201e<\/span>Tsigansko<\/span> Cabaret<\/span>\u201c <\/span>(<\/span>where the <\/span>renowned <\/span>\u041a<\/span>eva<\/span> would sing<\/span>)<\/span> and <\/span>others<\/span>. <\/span>We can also mention <\/span>the legendary<\/span> bar <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Luna<\/span>\u201c (1922), <\/span>–<\/span> which was freq<\/span>uented by the king \u2013 Tsar Boris <\/span>III.<\/span><\/p>

In Bulgaria cabarets existed as early as<\/span> 1907. <\/span>The first among them were in<\/span> Varna and Burgas<\/span>,<\/span> found<\/span>ed<\/span> by<\/span>an ingenious<\/span> German<\/span> named Egon Karnegi<\/span>.<\/span> Later on, he also opened some of<\/span> the first<\/span> cabarets <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Jasmine<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Loreley<\/span>\u201d<\/span>,<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Loretta Brixie<\/span>\u201d<\/span>,<\/span> as well as<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Capernaum<\/span>\u201d<\/span>, <\/span>called the gem of <\/span>Lege<\/span> Street<\/span>. <\/span>Later<\/span>, a similar<\/span> cabaret<\/span>,<\/span> named <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Yasica Beni<\/span>\u201d<\/span> appeared in Plovdiv.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

The oldest<\/span> cabaret<\/span> in <\/span>Sofia<\/span> (<\/span>and most probably,<\/span> in Bulgaria<\/span>)<\/span> dates back to <\/span>1879 <\/span>and <\/span>its name was<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Prenten<\/span>\u201d. <\/span>It was located in<\/span> Kaloyan Street<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

However, in my search for the <\/span>prototype of <\/span>piano bars<\/span>, <\/span>I must also mention<\/span> the so-called <\/span>\u201e<\/span>c<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span>–<\/span>chantan<\/span>t<\/span>s<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>which<\/span> existed<\/span> in our country <\/span>in <\/span>the first<\/span> years<\/span> after our liberation<\/span>. <\/span>Their name<\/span> stems from <\/span>the <\/span>F<\/span>rench<\/span> verb <\/span>\u201e<\/span>chanter<\/span>\u201d<\/span>, <\/span>meaning<\/span> \u201e<\/span>to sing<\/span>\u201c<\/span> and <\/span>is literally translated as <\/span>\u201e<\/span>the singing <\/span>c<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span>s<\/span>\u201c. <\/span>T<\/span>he<\/span>ir<\/span> beginning<\/span> was in <\/span>1820<\/span>,<\/span> in <\/span>Paris<\/span>, <\/span>under the name of<\/span> \u201eCaf\u00e9 Chantant\u201d, <\/span>and<\/span> later<\/span>-on they appeared <\/span>in <\/span>Italy<\/span>, <\/span>Austria<\/span>–<\/span>Hungary <\/span>and <\/span>Russia<\/span>.<\/span> In Bulgaria <\/span>the first<\/span> \u201e<\/span>singing<\/span> c<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span>s<\/span>\u201d<\/span> exist<\/span>ed<\/span> officially after<\/span>1880 <\/span>and <\/span>were opened <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>.<\/span> When<\/span> in<\/span> 1889 <\/span>our renowned<\/span> journalist<\/span> and <\/span>memoir writer <\/span>Georgi Kanazirski<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>Verin<\/span> arrived <\/span>in <\/span>the capital<\/span>, <\/span>they were <\/span>already widespread throughout the city<\/span>.<\/span> In the same year<\/span>,<\/span>in Bulgaria <\/span>a<\/span> document about their categorization was issued<\/span>. <\/span>It has been decided that these are <\/span>all<\/span> c<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span>s<\/span>,<\/span> where women or maidens would play music<\/span> and <\/span>sing<\/span> for the entertainment of guests<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In these night-time establishments<\/span>,<\/span> with the accompaniment of a <\/span>piano<\/span>, <\/span>some <\/span>singers<\/span> would sing unpretentious<\/span>,<\/span> playful<\/span>,<\/span> conventional<\/span> songs<\/span> and <\/span>then would make money-collecting rounds<\/span>. <\/span>The money represented five<\/span> or <\/span>ten <\/span>stot<\/span>i<\/span>nkas<\/span>.<\/span> When beckoned<\/span>,<\/span> they would sit beside <\/span>the clients<\/span> for <\/span>drinks and conversation<\/span>, <\/span>which earned them addi<\/span>tional <\/span>percentage<\/span>.<\/span> These<\/span> singers<\/span>got the nickname <\/span>\u201e<\/span>s<\/span>hantoner<\/span>ki<\/span>\u201d. <\/span>Their descriptions included alluring <\/span>and <\/span>seductive<\/span> women<\/span>, <\/span>most of them being<\/span> shamelessly<\/span> young<\/span>, <\/span>provocatively<\/span> clad<\/span> and <\/span>even<\/span>bared<\/span>, <\/span>wearing<\/span> wigs<\/span>, <\/span>many<\/span> bracelets<\/span> and <\/span>necklaces<\/span>.<\/span> Even<\/span>Ivan <\/span>Vazov<\/span> immortalized them <\/span>in <\/span>his story <\/span>\u201e<\/span>His Madam<\/span>\u201c, <\/span>where <\/span>the main character turned out to be <\/span>\u201e<\/span>singer<\/span>\u201c<\/span> in <\/span>a bar<\/span>.<\/span> Besides<\/span> Bulgarian<\/span>, <\/span>there were<\/span> singers<\/span>from<\/span> Austria<\/span>, <\/span>Romania<\/span>, <\/span>Greece and Serbia<\/span>. <\/span>After<\/span> the revolution<\/span>,<\/span> many<\/span> singers<\/span> from the chantants <\/span>in <\/span>Russia<\/span>also ar<\/span>rived in our country<\/span> looking for asylum and ways to make a living<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Among the most frequented ones <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span> were<\/span>:<\/span>\u201e<\/span>San Stefano<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Odes<\/span>s<\/span>a<\/span>\u201d <\/span>(<\/span>at<\/span> Trapezitsa square<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Orpheum<\/span> Neapol<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>today\u2019s<\/span> Imperial<\/span> Hotel<\/span>), \u201e<\/span>2<\/span>nd<\/span>February<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>the former Hrdlicka Beer House<\/span>),<\/span> as well as<\/span>c<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Nice<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Novio Neapol<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>in<\/span> Serdika Street<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>which were run by the famous at that time <\/span>grandma Tsora<\/span> and <\/span>her <\/span>daughter<\/span> Hermina<\/span>.<\/span> Hermina<\/span> was also a singer herself <\/span>and <\/span>according to <\/span>Verin<\/span>,<\/span> she would sing for some time <\/span>in <\/span>a pub <\/span>in <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span>, <\/span>whi<\/span>ch proves that <\/span>there were similar places there, too<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Plovdiv<\/span> provided the stage for the songs of <\/span>the young<\/span> and <\/span>talented Hungarian<\/span> singer Anna Simon <\/span>(<\/span>who started her career <\/span>in <\/span>the chantants of <\/span>Belgrade<\/span>), <\/span>and whose murder<\/span> in<\/span> 1897 <\/span>shattered <\/span>Bulgaria<\/span> and <\/span>caused broad <\/span>international<\/span> reverberation<\/span>. <\/span>T<\/span>he singer<\/span>\u2019s murder case <\/span>cast a long shadow <\/span>on the rule of the Prince (Knyaz)<\/span>Ferdinand<\/span> and <\/span>remained among the most scandalous crimes <\/span>in <\/span>our history<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Varna<\/span> was also among<\/span> the first<\/span> towns<\/span>, <\/span>where just after <\/span>Sofia<\/span>, <\/span>appeare<\/span>d these <\/span>\u201e<\/span>caf\u00e9-chantant<\/span>s<\/span>\u201d<\/span>.<\/span> One of the most popular<\/span> establishments was the <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Bella Vista<\/span>\u201c, <\/span>later<\/span>renamed to<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Orpheum <\/span>vari\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>\u201c. <\/span>The first<\/span> singers<\/span> there were<\/span> called<\/span> \u201e<\/span>shansonetki<\/span>\u201c.<\/span> The chantants <\/span>in <\/span>our sea capital though, caused a public anxiety<\/span>, <\/span>and therefore, <\/span>the city mayor<\/span> – <\/span>Panayot<\/span> Karzhiev<\/span> had to issue an order for their closure<\/span> on<\/span> 19.12.1902<\/span>. <\/span>Four years later<\/span> only one remained <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>the Lambergo<\/span>viyat<\/span>, <\/span>which burned to the ground <\/span>in <\/span>the night<\/span> of <\/span>10 <\/span>June<\/span> 1906.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

The truth however, was that these places alre<\/span>ady existed in our country for quite some time<\/span>, <\/span>as early as in the times of the <\/span>Crimean War<\/span>, <\/span>and even before that<\/span>.<\/span> It was namely <\/span>in <\/span>the period from <\/span>1853 <\/span>to <\/span>1856<\/span>, <\/span>along with the dislocation of the<\/span> French<\/span> and <\/span>British<\/span> troops<\/span> in <\/span>Northern<\/span> Bulgaria<\/span>, <\/span>some of <\/span>the first<\/span> chantants appeared in the country<\/span>.<\/span> They were set up <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>towns<\/span> on the Danube bank – <\/span>Ruse<\/span>, <\/span>Svishtov<\/span> and <\/span>Vidin<\/span>, <\/span>and also <\/span>in <\/span>Shumen<\/span>. <\/span>The chantant<\/span> in <\/span>Shumen<\/span> dated back to <\/span>1851.<\/span> It was opened by <\/span>the Hungarian<\/span> musician<\/span> Mihai Safran (S\u00e1fr\u00e1ny Mih\u00e1ly)<\/span>, <\/span>who <\/span>was appointed a<\/span> Kapellmeister <\/span>of<\/span>the Turkish<\/span> military<\/span> orchestra<\/span> in <\/span>the town<\/span>.<\/span> I<\/span>n <\/span>the same year <\/span>Safran<\/span> founded <\/span>the first<\/span> Bulgarian<\/span> orchestra<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

These<\/span> chantants were quite abundant with <\/span>\u201e<\/span>singers<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>dancers<\/span>, <\/span>who would entertain the officers of the allied armies<\/span>.<\/span> The chantants were very popular<\/span>, <\/span>though still illegal<\/span>. <\/span>It was not until<\/span> 1876<\/span> when<\/span> Mithad Pasha<\/span> took the rule as <\/span>Grand Vizier<\/span>, <\/span>when he started to legalize them<\/span>.<\/span> Shantonerki (singers) at that time were <\/span>Romanian<\/span>, <\/span>Hungarian<\/span>, <\/span>Serbian<\/span>, <\/span>Jewish<\/span> and <\/span>even<\/span> French <\/span>women<\/span>, <\/span>but not<\/span> Bulgarian<\/span> ones<\/span>.<\/span> The appearance of<\/span> the first<\/span> Bulgarian<\/span> singer is believed to <\/span>date from <\/span>t<\/span>he Russ<\/span>o<\/span>-Turkish<\/span> War of Liberation <\/span>(1877<\/span> –<\/span> 1878<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

At the end of<\/span> XIX<\/span> and <\/span>the beginning<\/span> of <\/span>XX <\/span>century<\/span>, <\/span>chantants<\/span> in our country became real <\/span>cent<\/span>e<\/span>rs of<\/span>the night life<\/span>. <\/span>These places <\/span>not only did not cease to exist but quite naturally, were raised to <\/span>another level<\/span>, <\/span>and namely, <\/span>in<\/span>to<\/span> cabarets<\/span>, <\/span>as <\/span>I mentioned <\/span>at the very beginning<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

This way or another<\/span>, <\/span>after<\/span> 9 <\/span>September<\/span> 1944, <\/span>all<\/span>establishments of this kind<\/span> were pronounced <\/span>\u201e<\/span>immoral<\/span>\u201d<\/span>and <\/span>thus, shut down<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

To be replaced by another kind, in some time <\/span>\u2026<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In the<\/span> 50<\/span>s <\/span>and <\/span>60<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>for instance<\/span>, <\/span>Sofia night<\/span> bar <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Astoria<\/span>\u201c<\/span> became <\/span>legendary<\/span>.<\/span> Many of our titans of the po<\/span>pular music<\/span> including<\/span> Lili Ivanova<\/span> sang in it<\/span>. <\/span>The beginning<\/span> of the Zlatniyat Orfey (Golden Orpheus) Festival<\/span>, <\/span>in <\/span>the first years of its existence <\/span>(<\/span>from<\/span> 1965 <\/span>to<\/span>1968), <\/span>was broadcast from the legendary<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Bar <\/span>Vari\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span>\u201c<\/span> in <\/span>Sunny Beach (Slanchev briyag)<\/span>. <\/span>The very first edition of<\/span>the festival<\/span> was held on <\/span>1 <\/span>A<\/span>ugust<\/span>, <\/span>under the slogan <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Songs<\/span> for<\/span> the Bulgarian<\/span> Black Sea Coast<\/span>\u201c.<\/span> I should also mention the glorious <\/span>vari\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> in <\/span>Gabrovo<\/span> from the end of the <\/span>80<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>which <\/span>had a seating capacity not less than 200<\/span>. <\/span>With its most state-of-the-art<\/span> technique for its time <\/span>and <\/span>quality <\/span>programmes<\/span>,<\/span> it<\/span> attracted <\/span>visitors<\/span> from around the country<\/span>. <\/span>Stars like<\/span> Kameliya Todorova<\/span>, <\/span>Nona Yotova<\/span> and <\/span>Stefan Mavrodiev<\/span> were guest artists there<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

In fact, I can <\/span>point out that a major part of our established<\/span> actors<\/span>, <\/span>directors<\/span>, <\/span>choreographers<\/span> and <\/span>musi<\/span>cians<\/span>, <\/span>began their careers exactly in such<\/span> variety<\/span>theaters<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

But even this \u2013 let\u2019s call it<\/span> \u201c<\/span>vari\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> wave\u201d<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>also gradually disappear<\/span>ed<\/span> after the changes<\/span> in <\/span>B<\/span>ulgaria<\/span>. <\/span>This was a period<\/span>, <\/span>during which <\/span>a new generation of live-music bars and clubs <\/span>were opened<\/span>.<\/span> Such is for example<\/span>the <\/span>club<\/span> \u201eCaliforni<\/span>a<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>also known as <\/span>\u201e<\/span>the Little<\/span>California<\/span>\u201c), <\/span>which opened<\/span> in<\/span> 1991 <\/span>in <\/span>Ivan <\/span>Vazov<\/span> Street,<\/span>in <\/span>Varna<\/span>. <\/span>Its<\/span> owner<\/span> was <\/span>Rosen Sarov <\/span>and <\/span>quite a few<\/span>unforgettable <\/span>music<\/span>al<\/span> evenings<\/span> happened there<\/span>. <\/span>Two <\/span>years<\/span> later<\/span>, another<\/span> such <\/span>club<\/span> opened \u2013 its name was <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Priliv<\/span>\u201c <\/span>(Tide) <\/span>\u2013 in <\/span>Shipka Street<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Early <\/span>90<\/span>s<\/span> were the time when <\/span>our <\/span>piano bar<\/span> stage <\/span>and <\/span>culture<\/span> were born<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

An example of this <\/span>was provided by the popular <\/span>musician<\/span> Valdi Totev<\/span>, <\/span>who <\/span>in<\/span> 1990 <\/span>was invited to play <\/span>in <\/span>the metropolitan <\/span>\u201e<\/span>C<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span> de Paris<\/span>\u201c, <\/span>situated in <\/span>Dondukov<\/span>Blvd.<\/span>, <\/span>to the right of the youth<\/span> theatre<\/span> that burned down<\/span>. <\/span>Its<\/span> owner<\/span> (<\/span>according to <\/span>Valdi<\/span>) <\/span>was an Arabian man<\/span>. <\/span>The pub was underground<\/span> (<\/span>on the cellar level<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>outside it was marked by a neon light inscription<\/span>, <\/span>an<\/span>d inside \u2013<\/span> by an <\/span>acoustic<\/span> piano<\/span>. <\/span>The m<\/span>usician<\/span> remembers the year accurately<\/span>, <\/span>because <\/span>in<\/span> 1989 <\/span>he was on a tour <\/span>in <\/span>Norway<\/span>, <\/span>and on returning he even played without changing his clothes from the trip <\/span>and <\/span>played <\/span>the same repertoire <\/span>(<\/span>Elton John<\/span>, <\/span>Billy Joel<\/span>, <\/span>The Beatles<\/span>\u2026<\/span> and <\/span>songs<\/span> of<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Shturtsite<\/span>\u201c). <\/span>According to him<\/span>,<\/span> \u201e<\/span>C<\/span>af\u00e9<\/span> de Paris<\/span>\u201c<\/span> is<\/span> the first<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Sofia<\/span> and <\/span>most probably,<\/span> in Bulgaria, as well<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

A<\/span> piano bar<\/span> existed in the memories of the <\/span>wife<\/span> of the now late Burgas <\/span>musician<\/span> Plamen Stavrev<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>Peni Stavreva<\/span> (<\/span>then<\/span> Stefanova<\/span>)<\/span>. <\/span>It was exactly <\/span>in <\/span>\u201e<\/span>the first<\/span>Piano <\/span>bar<\/span> in <\/span>Burgas<\/span>\u201c<\/span>, <\/span>in<\/span> 1990<\/span>,<\/span> when <\/span>she fell in love with the voice of her future <\/span>husband<\/span>.<\/span> According to her<\/span>, <\/span>these evenings in the <\/span>piano bar<\/span> took place <\/span>in <\/span>one of the halls of the mezzanine of Bulgaria Interhotel <\/span>(<\/span>which was later <\/span>converted <\/span>into <\/span>a <\/span>gaming hall<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>

In<\/span> 1994<\/span> Valdi Totev<\/span>, <\/span>who was then just starting to build his individual career<\/span>,<\/span> played <\/span>in <\/span>Diamant <\/span>bar<\/span>, <\/span>situated near <\/span>Vasil<\/span> Levski<\/span> Stadium,<\/span> in <\/span>the capital<\/span> city<\/span>. <\/span>He was quite detailed when he told me about th<\/span>at bar<\/span>. <\/span>It used to be <\/span>a <\/span>gambling hall, with tables for card games and <\/span>roulette<\/span>. <\/span>He was hired by <\/span>Sukmandzhievi<\/span> Family, who turned it into a <\/span>piano bar<\/span>.<\/span> There was a grand piano<\/span>, <\/span>which<\/span> Valdi<\/span> would play on <\/span>and <\/span>dinners were served<\/span>. <\/span>Valdi<\/span> was a guest artist there for<\/span> two weeks before<\/span>Christmas<\/span>. <\/span>Diamant<\/span> was among the most popular establishments at that time<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

In the same<\/span> 1994, <\/span>Valdi<\/span> recorded<\/span> and <\/span>sang <\/span>the song<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Friday midnight<\/span>\u201c, <\/span>which won the grand prize of<\/span>the <\/span>Zlatniyat Orfei <\/span>festival<\/span>. <\/span>The song<\/span> was based on the vers<\/span>es of <\/span>Aleksandar<\/span> Petrov<\/span> and <\/span>told the story of such a <\/span>piano bar<\/span>.<\/span> Apart from gaining wide popularity<\/span>,<\/span> the song<\/span>provided a clear sign of the<\/span> existence of<\/span> piano bar<\/span> culture<\/span>in the country<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

When <\/span>speaking of t<\/span>he idea of a<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>its <\/span>classical<\/span> form <\/span>and <\/span>original intent<\/span>, <\/span>i.e.<\/span> bar<\/span> with an <\/span>acoustic<\/span> piano<\/span> or <\/span>grand piano<\/span>,<\/span> which offers softer <\/span>music<\/span>and <\/span>an atmosphere suggestive of <\/span>laid-back<\/span> conversations<\/span>, <\/span>romantic<\/span> evenings<\/span> and <\/span>gatherings with friends <\/span>\u2013<\/span> then yes<\/span>, <\/span>we did have such places in the country<\/span>. <\/span>Piano bars<\/span>bec<\/span>ame part of<\/span> the night life<\/span> in the country<\/span> and <\/span>of the transition to a new<\/span> social<\/span> and <\/span>cultural<\/span> environment<\/span>,<\/span> after <\/span>the fall of socialism<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Such<\/span> places existed<\/span> in other towns <\/span>in the country<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

<\/div>
The popular Varna musician Nelko Kolarov speaks about\u00a0having gained experience as a piano bar performer<\/span> and<\/span>tells the story how <\/span>in<\/span> 1995<\/span>, <\/span>together with<\/span> the <\/span>singer<\/span> Asen<\/span>Georgiev<\/span> played<\/span> in <\/span>such a format <\/span>in <\/span>the <\/span>Acacias<\/span>complex<\/span> (<\/span>snack bar<\/span> and <\/span>hotel <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Acacia<\/span>\u201c)<\/span> in <\/span>Zlatni pyasatsi (Golden Sands)<\/span> resort<\/span>. <\/span>The two of them even pu<\/span>bli<\/span>shed an audio <\/span>cassette<\/span> titled<\/span> \u201ePiano Bar\u201c, <\/span>which I personally have<\/span>.<\/span><\/div>

Even<\/span> Hacho Boyadzhiev<\/span> was so impressed to have visited the place that he decided that he would use it as setting for his <\/span>New Year\u2019s programme<\/span> for<\/span> t<\/span>he Bulgarian National Television<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/p>

At the same time,<\/span> Varna<\/span> businessman<\/span> Georgi<\/span>Georgiev<\/span>, <\/span>known also as<\/span> Joro Klasika<\/span>,<\/span> decided to open up a nightbar<\/span>,<\/span> which already had a large grand piano<\/span>. <\/span>He invited <\/span>Asen<\/span> and <\/span>Nelko<\/span> to play <\/span>there<\/span> and <\/span>thus<\/span>, <\/span>in the autumn of<\/span> 1995<\/span> emerged <\/span>the first<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Varna<\/span> \u2013 <\/span>it was called <\/span>\u201eClassic\u201c, <\/span>and it was situated on the Red Square <\/span>(<\/span>Stolipin Street No. <\/span>13). <\/span><\/p>

And if we <\/span>are<\/span> speak<\/span>ing<\/span> about the<\/span> piano bar<\/span>, <\/span>as we know it today <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>a night bar with strong <\/span>music<\/span> and <\/span>strong emphasis<\/span> on dancing<\/span> and <\/span>midnight entertainments <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>we can say that <\/span>\u201eClassic\u201c <\/span>wa<\/span>s<\/span> the first<\/span> modern<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in Bulgaria<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

That<\/span> bar <\/span>existed for about<\/span> five years<\/span>. <\/span>An interesting fact of its story is that the popular<\/span> performer<\/span>Miro<\/span> (<\/span>from duet <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Karisma<\/span>\u201c) <\/span>made his <\/span>first<\/span> earnings as a singer there<\/span>.<\/span> Later<\/span> (<\/span>in 20<\/span>05<\/span>)<\/span> Georgi<\/span>ev<\/span> opened <\/span>another<\/span>\u201eClassic\u201c<\/span> club beneath<\/span> t<\/span>he Ministry of<\/span> culture<\/span> in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In the summer of<\/span> 1998<\/span> was opened <\/span>the first<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Veliko Tarnovo<\/span> \u2013<\/span> the one <\/span>in <\/span>the Yantra Hotel<\/span>. <\/span>This was an idea of the hotel director<\/span> – <\/span>Nadya<\/span> Drakova<\/span> and <\/span>Krasimir<\/span> Kirilov<\/span> (<\/span>a local <\/span>well-known <\/span>sportsman<\/span>), <\/span>who was appointed<\/span> as bar manager<\/span>. <\/span>The two of them decided that they would convert into a<\/span> piano bar<\/span> the renowned <\/span>snack bar of<\/span> the old <\/span>Mityo Manola<\/span>,<\/span> which was <\/span>the gathering place of Veliko Tarnovo’s bohemian community <\/span>for <\/span>feasts<\/span>. <\/span>The <\/span>Piano bar<\/span> worked for around two <\/span>years<\/span>, <\/span>until the privatization of <\/span>the hotel<\/span> (<\/span>at<\/span> the beginning<\/span> of<\/span> 2000<\/span>)<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

In December<\/span> 1998<\/span>, <\/span>the bar of<\/span> Mussala Hotel in Varna was also reconstructed into a <\/span>piano bar<\/span>. <\/span>Its<\/span> owners<\/span>(<\/span>partners<\/span>) <\/span>were<\/span> Ivan Tomov<\/span>, <\/span>Evgeni<\/span> Shterev<\/span> and <\/span>Spiridon<\/span> Mihaylov<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

In 20<\/span>00, <\/span>in<\/span> Shipka Street No.<\/span>18 (<\/span>also in<\/span> Varna<\/span>), <\/span>Asen<\/span> and <\/span>Nelko<\/span> began playing music <\/span>in <\/span>the new <\/span>piano bar<\/span>, <\/span>managed by themselves<\/span>,<\/span> named <\/span>\u201eRoyal Classic\u201c.<\/span><\/p>

In 20<\/span>01<\/span> in<\/span> Varna<\/span>, <\/span>the late<\/span> Eva<\/span> Mihova<\/span> (<\/span>wife of Misho <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>Birata<\/span>)<\/span> and <\/span>Evgeni<\/span> Shterev<\/span> (<\/span>from<\/span> Mussala<\/span> bar<\/span>)<\/span>opened<\/span> Sinatra <\/span>piano bar<\/span>, <\/span>situated in the Sports Hall<\/span>. <\/span>For some time <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Sinatra<\/span>\u201c <\/span>was housed in <\/span>27 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. <\/span>(<\/span>Youth\u2019s home<\/span>), <\/span>and currently, it is on the top floor of Cherno More <\/span>hotel <\/span>(<\/span>in the place of Stars <\/span>piano bar<\/span>)<\/span>. \u201e<\/span>Sinatra<\/span>\u201c <\/span>grew into a chain of <\/span>Piano bars<\/span> – <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>(2004)<\/span>, <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span> (20<\/span>1<\/span>6)<\/span>, <\/span>Burgas<\/span> (2021)<\/span> and <\/span>Albena<\/span>(2025)<\/span>. <\/span>The chain operated seasonally<\/span> in <\/span>Zlatni pyasatsi (Golden Sands)<\/span> and <\/span>Sunny Beach (Slanchev briyag)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

It was <\/span>in <\/span>Sinatra<\/span> bar <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>, <\/span>where <\/span>Presiden<\/span>t<\/span>Parvanov<\/span> invited President<\/span> Putin<\/span> for his visit to<\/span> Bulgaria <\/span>for signing the <\/span>South Stream<\/span> Agreement<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

On<\/span> 03<\/span>.<\/span>07.2003, <\/span>on <\/span>the initiative <\/span>of the <\/span>musician<\/span>and <\/span>businessman<\/span> Simeon<\/span> Dzhurov<\/span>, <\/span>\u201eLimelight\u201d – the cult metropolitan piano bar opened doors <\/span>in<\/span> Iztok neighbourhood<\/span> \u00a0– <\/span>(<\/span>i.e. <\/span>the present-day <\/span>Iztok <\/span>piano bar<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>And maybe because this was <\/span>the first<\/span> modern metropolitan <\/span>piano bar<\/span>,<\/span> or <\/span>because <\/span>later<\/span>-on<\/span> he opened up a number of <\/span>successful p<\/span>iano bars<\/span>, <\/span>Simeon<\/span> Dzhurov<\/span>became known as the father of <\/span>Piano bars<\/span> in ou<\/span>r country<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

The s<\/span>inger<\/span> Vasil<\/span> Petrov<\/span> wa<\/span>s quite often invited to sing at these places <\/span>and <\/span>it was not by chance that he also became a <\/span>symbol<\/span> of our <\/span>Piano bars<\/span>. <\/span>Furthermore<\/span>, <\/span>in 20<\/span>03, <\/span>together with<\/span> his fellow<\/span> musician<\/span> – <\/span>Nikolay Bozukov<\/span> (<\/span>and their loyal partner<\/span> Hristo<\/span> Sarafov<\/span>), <\/span>they opened several seasonal<\/span> Piano bars<\/span>. <\/span>First<\/span> in <\/span>Pamporovo<\/span> \u2013<\/span>at <\/span>Sharlopov Murgavets<\/span> Hotel <\/span>(<\/span>open from<\/span> 01.12.2003, <\/span>only until the end of May<\/span>),<\/span> and then<\/span> in July<\/span>,<\/span> in <\/span>Sunny Beach (Slanchev briyag)<\/span>,<\/span> on the beach<\/span> \u2013<\/span> a seasonal <\/span>bar<\/span>in <\/span>Helen<\/span>a Resort <\/span>Hotel <\/span>(<\/span>open<\/span> in the summers of<\/span> 2004, 2005<\/span> and <\/span>2006), <\/span>and then,<\/span> in <\/span>the capital<\/span>. <\/span>The one<\/span> in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>opened doors <\/span>on<\/span> 28.10.2004 <\/span>and <\/span>was called<\/span> \u201eThe Voice\u201c. <\/span>What\u2019s interesting is that the bar was in the place of <\/span>the old<\/span> \u201e<\/span>E<\/span>t<\/span>oile<\/span>\u201c (<\/span>of <\/span>1936), <\/span>which I mentioned earlier.<\/span> In 20<\/span>10 <\/span>it changed its name to <\/span>\u201eMy Way\u201c.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In 20<\/span>04<\/span>, <\/span>Simeon<\/span> Dzhurov<\/span> began managing <\/span>the first<\/span>piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span> – <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Limelight\u201d. <\/span>The main players there were<\/span> Fori<\/span> and <\/span>Andro<\/span>. <\/span>This <\/span>bar <\/span>exist<\/span>ed<\/span> until <\/span>2010<\/span>, <\/span>when <\/span>Dzhurov<\/span> opened a new <\/span>piano bar<\/span> n<\/span>amed <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Face 2 Face\u201d, <\/span>situated opposite <\/span>Novotel<\/span> Plovdiv<\/span>.<\/span> At the same time the piano player of<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Limelight\u201d<\/span> – <\/span>Hristofor Todorov<\/span>(<\/span>Fori<\/span>) <\/span>became the<\/span> owner of the bar<\/span> and <\/span>renamed it to the<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Crazy Piano\u201d. <\/span>On<\/span> 05.03.2015<\/span> Fori<\/span> opened<\/span> piano bar<\/span>\u201e<\/span>Gatsby\u201d, <\/span>which is <\/span>still operating today <\/span>and <\/span>is in fact, the longest working <\/span>piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

After a month<\/span>, <\/span>in the place of <\/span>\u201eLimelight\u201d, <\/span>another<\/span>piano bar<\/span> opened up with the name <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Quattro\u201d<\/span>, <\/span>now owned by<\/span> trio <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Soulmate\u201d<\/span>. <\/span>This <\/span>piano bar<\/span> is also still functioning<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Over<\/span> the yea<\/span>rs in <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span> for a short period of time there were more <\/span>Piano bars<\/span> – <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Exel\u201d<\/span> (<\/span>the second<\/span> piano bar<\/span> in <\/span>Plovdiv<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Chaplin<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (<\/span>the former<\/span> \u201e<\/span>Face 2 Face<\/span>\u201d<\/span>)<\/span>, \u201e<\/span>Flame<\/span>\u201d, \u201e<\/span>White Nights<\/span>\u201d, \u201e<\/span>Monarch<\/span>\u201d, \u201e<\/span>Virgin<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Allure\u201d<\/span>, \u201eBuda\u2019s\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Egerhof<\/span>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In 20<\/span>05<\/span>, <\/span>by idea of<\/span> the singer<\/span> Mirela Velichkova<\/span>and <\/span>the <\/span>businessman<\/span> Emil Dimitrov<\/span>, <\/span>the cult and <\/span>the <\/span>longest <\/span>existing<\/span> piano bar in <\/span>Veliko Tarnovo<\/span> was born – <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Maximus<\/span>\u201c<\/span> (<\/span>where I had the pleasure <\/span>of playing <\/span>quite a lot music<\/span>)<\/span>. <\/span>For its<\/span> 1<\/span>5<\/span>-year<\/span> history<\/span>, <\/span>it turned into a benchmark<\/span> and <\/span>an example to follow<\/span>,<\/span> in<\/span>to an institution for our region<\/span>. <\/span>Later<\/span> the singer<\/span> opened another <\/span>two<\/span> piano bar<\/span>s<\/span>. <\/span>These are <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Italy<\/span>\u201c<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eJ\u2019adore\u201c.<\/span> In <\/span>the old capital<\/span>over<\/span> the years<\/span> functioned also the following <\/span>Piano bars<\/span>\u201eRed & Black\u201c<\/span> (<\/span>in Bolyarski Hotel<\/span>)<\/span>, \u201e<\/span>Panorama<\/span>\u201d<\/span> (<\/span>in <\/span>Panorama<\/span> Hotel<\/span>)<\/span>, \u201ePiano Live Club Play\u201c, \u201e<\/span>Ar<\/span>te\u201d<\/span>, \u201eDeep\u201c<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eSelecto\u201c.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

The trend for<\/span> musicians<\/span> and <\/span>performers <\/span>to manage<\/span>Piano bars<\/span> is quite a natural one<\/span> and <\/span>becomes stronger with <\/span>the years<\/span>. <\/span>Such type of bars were also run<\/span> by some of o<\/span>ur celebrities such as <\/span>the former<\/span> \u201cCoo-Coo\u201d<\/span> actor<\/span>and <\/span>participant <\/span>in <\/span>various show <\/span>programmes<\/span> – <\/span>Avgust<\/span>Popov<\/span> (<\/span>Astoria Piano Bar <\/span>in Bansko<\/span>)<\/span> and <\/span>Miro<\/span>(<\/span>Broadway Piano Bar <\/span>in <\/span>Sofia<\/span>).<\/span><\/p>

PIANO BARS<\/span> DID REALLY GAIN WIDE POPULARITY IN OUR COUNTRY<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

In 20<\/span>05, <\/span>Bulgarian National Television<\/span> began airing<\/span> a TV broadcast<\/span>, <\/span>called <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Piano bar<\/span> \u201c<\/span>Noshtni ptici<\/span>\u201c<\/span>(Night birds)<\/span>, <\/span>with <\/span>author<\/span> and <\/span>presenter <\/span>Iskra<\/span> Angelova<\/span>. <\/span>It enjoyed tremendous success <\/span>and <\/span>turned into a trademark <\/span>and <\/span>one of the <\/span>most watched programmes on televisi<\/span>on<\/span>. <\/span>That evening talk<\/span> show was <\/span>aired nationally<\/span>for <\/span>14 <\/span>whole <\/span>years<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

Today,<\/span> Piano bars<\/span> are everywhere<\/span>. <\/span>Among the most popular ones are<\/span> the Sinatra chain<\/span>, <\/span>the metropolitan ones –<\/span> \u201eSilicone\u201d,<\/span> \u201eCamino\u201d, \u201eChicago\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eMagnito\u201d<\/span>,<\/span>and<\/span> in the country<\/span>,<\/span> quite fashionable are<\/span> still <\/span>Piano bars<\/span>\u201eGatsby\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eQuattro\u201d (<\/span>Plovdiv<\/span>), <\/span>\u201eCanto\u201d (<\/span>Ruse<\/span>), \u201eSense\u201d (<\/span>Gabrovo<\/span>), \u201eBravo\u201d (<\/span>Pernik<\/span>), \u201eSelecto\u201d (<\/span>Veliko Tarnovo<\/span>), \u201eThe Floor\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eCanto\u201d (<\/span>Kazalak<\/span>), \u201eThe House\u201d<\/span> (<\/span>Stara Zagora<\/span>), \u201eSoho\u201d (<\/span>Yambol<\/span>), \u201e<\/span>No Mercy<\/span>Classic Bar<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>Tar<\/span>govishte<\/span>), \u201eLight\u201d (<\/span>Haskovo<\/span>), \u201e<\/span>Neptune<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Primorets<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>Burgas<\/span>), \u201e<\/span>Jackie\u201d (<\/span>Varna<\/span>), \u201eParadise\u201d (<\/span>Pazardzhik<\/span>), \u201eZodia<\/span>c\u201d (<\/span>Vidin<\/span>), \u201eRich\u201d (<\/span>Velingrad<\/span>), <\/span>\u201eMelody\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Bohemi<\/span>\u201d (<\/span>Dobrich<\/span>)<\/span>, \u201eNoti\u201d (<\/span>Sveti Vlas<\/span>)<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eTheatro Piano Live\u201d (<\/span>Sozopol<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

~ ~ ~ <\/span><\/p>

Piano bars have existed, and continue to exist <\/span>in Svishtov <\/span>(\u201eCorset\u201d), <\/span>Silistra<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>A<\/span>rtistic<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Royal<\/span>\u201d)<\/span>, <\/span>Vratsa<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Caramel<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Petrich<\/span> (\u201eDreams\u201d), <\/span>Lovech<\/span>(\u201e<\/span>Versailles<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Pleven<\/span> (\u201eUmbrella\u201d), <\/span>Sevlievo<\/span> (\u201eNikS\u201d), <\/span>Gorna<\/span> Oryahovitsa<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Bar <\/span>Club<\/span> Piano<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Smolyan<\/span>(\u201eVenus\u201d), <\/span>Kar<\/span>dzhali<\/span> (\u201eCentral\u201d), <\/span>Gabrovo<\/span> (\u201eFace 2 Face\u201d), <\/span>Kozloduy<\/span> (\u201eLa Roccia\u201d), <\/span>Stara Zagora<\/span> (\u201eBlack & White\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eSusinito\u201d), \u00a0<\/span>Ruse<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Avangards<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Admiral<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Etropole<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Everest<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Kyustendil<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Lazur<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Sofia<\/span> (<\/span>\u201eCorner\u201d, <\/span>\u201ePoison\u201d, \u201e<\/span>Arbat\u201d, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>New York<\/span>\u201d, <\/span>\u201eAfter 10\u201d, \u201eBraga\u201d, <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Cheers\u201d, \u201e<\/span>Rodina<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Sliven<\/span> (\u201eBacardi\u201d, \u201e2 Night\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201e<\/span>Terre M<\/span>iroglio Wine Bar\u201d), <\/span>Sandanski<\/span>(\u201e<\/span>Sveti Nikola<\/span>\u201d, \u201eCosy\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eFaces\u201d), <\/span>Nesebar <\/span>(\u201eThe Gallery\u201d), <\/span>Bansk<\/span>o<\/span> (\u201eSing Sing\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201eCanto\u201c), <\/span>Montana<\/span>(\u201eRetro\u201d), <\/span>Shumen<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Retro<\/span>\u201d), <\/span>Elhovo<\/span> (\u201eNight Ang<\/span>els\u201d<\/span>), <\/span>Blagoevgrad <\/span>(\u201e<\/span>Balkanton<\/span>\u201d<\/span> and <\/span>\u201ePiano Music Hall\u201d),<\/span>Velingrad<\/span> (\u201eLouis\u201d),<\/span> Razgrad<\/span> (\u201eNo <\/span>Mercy\u201d), <\/span>Dimitrovgrad <\/span>(\u201ePlaneta <\/span>Payner\u201d), <\/span>Botevgrad<\/span>(\u201e<\/span>Panorama<\/span>\u201d)<\/span>, <\/span>Varna<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Stars<\/span>\u201c)<\/span>, <\/span>Burgas<\/span> (\u201e<\/span>Ten Fingers\u201d<\/span>since<\/span> 2006 <\/span>)<\/span> and <\/span>many others<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Today, <\/span>Piano bars<\/span> are <\/span>in <\/span>almost e<\/span>very more luxurious <\/span>hotel<\/span>.<\/span> I<\/span>n <\/span>Bozhentsi<\/span>, <\/span>Starosel<\/span>, <\/span>Starozagorski mineralni bani<\/span>, <\/span>Dryanovo<\/span> and <\/span>even<\/span> in <\/span>the village of<\/span>Chiflik <\/span>(<\/span>Troyan region<\/span>).<\/span><\/p><\/div>

THE STORY WAS CREATED (COLLECTED) BY THE PIANOBAR.BG TEAM AND PUBLISHED IN BOOK<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>
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BRIEF HISTORY OF PIANO BAR CULTURE IN BULGARIA Piano bars in Bulgaria – 1990s till now. Bars with live music existed in our country as early as 1920s. People called them cabarets (in theFrench manner), and organized social evenings there. In the beginning, of course, they were quite unlike the Parisian \u201eMoulin Rouge\u201d and \u201eLido\u201d, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":204,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4434","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t